Cattle should be removed from wheat pastures when the crop reaches first hollow stem (FHS). Grazing past this stage can severely affect wheat yields (for a full explanation, please refer to the eUpdate article “Optimal time to remove cattle from wheat pastures: First hollow stem”).
First hollow stem update
In order to screen for FHS during this important time in the growing season, the K-State Extension Wheat and Forages crew measures FHS on a weekly basis in 36 different commonly grown wheat varieties in Kansas. The varieties are in a September-sown replicated trial at the South Central Experiment Field near Hutchinson.
Ten stems are split open per variety per replication (Figure 1), for a total of 40 stems monitored per variety. The average length of hollow stem is reported for each variety in Table 1.
Figure 1. Ten main wheat stems were split open per replication per variety to estimate first hollow stem for this report, for a total of 40 stems split per variety. Photo by Romulo Lollato, K-State Research and Extension.
Table 1. Length of hollow stem measured April 3 of 36 wheat varieties sown mid-September 2018 at the South Central Experiment Field near Hutchinson. The critical FHS length is 1.5 cm (about a half-inch or the diameter of a dime). Varieties that already passed first hollow stem are highlighted.
|
Variety |
12-Mar |
18-Mar |
25-Mar |
27-Mar |
1-Apr |
3-Apr |
||
|
|
----------------------------------- cm ------------------------------------ |
|||||||
|
AM Eastwood |
0.41 |
0.63 |
1.62 |
3.30 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
Bentley |
0.24 |
0.25 |
0.49 |
0.97 |
2.22 |
-- |
||
|
Bob Dole |
0.21 |
0.39 |
0.80 |
1.35 |
2.45 |
-- |
||
|
Byrd |
0.23 |
0.39 |
0.90 |
1.57 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
Doublestop CL Plus |
0.20 |
0.28 |
0.54 |
1.00 |
1.56 |
-- |
||
|
EXP |
0.33 |
0.39 |
1.07 |
1.44 |
2.72 |
-- |
||
|
EXP 40-1 |
0.21 |
0.21 |
0.67 |
1.14 |
1.74 |
-- |
||
|
Gallagher |
0.21 |
0.44 |
1.13 |
1.87 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
Green Hammer |
0.19 |
0.35 |
0.59 |
1.56 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
Iba |
0.14 |
0.29 |
0.55 |
1.39 |
2.77 |
-- |
||
|
Joe |
0.19 |
0.35 |
0.48 |
0.56 |
0.87 |
1.30 |
||
|
Langin |
0.23 |
0.29 |
0.56 |
1.80 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
Larry |
0.18 |
0.37 |
0.55 |
0.90 |
2.02 |
-- |
||
|
Lonerider |
0.22 |
0.36 |
0.76 |
1.03 |
1.46 |
3.34 |
||
|
NE10478-1 |
0.23 |
0.36 |
0.61 |
1.10 |
2.51 |
-- |
||
|
Paradise |
0.32 |
0.53 |
0.99 |
1.16 |
2.61 |
-- |
||
|
Ruby Lee |
0.14 |
0.44 |
0.89 |
2.38 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
Showdown |
0.18 |
0.39 |
0.88 |
1.23 |
1.82 |
-- |
||
|
Smith's Gold |
0.18 |
0.37 |
0.99 |
1.56 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
Spirit Rider |
0.21 |
0.51 |
1.83 |
3.28 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
Stardust |
0.41 |
0.49 |
1.00 |
1.91 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
SY Achieve CL2 |
0.28 |
0.63 |
1.55 |
3.80 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
SY Benefit |
0.28 |
0.54 |
2.12 |
3.16 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
SY Grit |
0.14 |
0.54 |
1.11 |
1.65 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
SY Rugged |
0.17 |
0.28 |
0.56 |
0.83 |
1.40 |
1.96 |
||
|
TAM 204 |
0.24 |
0.39 |
1.02 |
1.54 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
Tatanka |
0.29 |
0.48 |
0.90 |
1.34 |
3.93 |
-- |
||
|
WB4269 |
0.29 |
0.30 |
0.73 |
1.50 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
WB4303 |
0.36 |
0.67 |
2.70 |
3.25 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
WB4515 |
0.23 |
0.34 |
0.67 |
1.25 |
2.07 |
-- |
||
|
WB4595 |
0.23 |
0.45 |
0.97 |
1.90 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
WB4699 |
0.21 |
0.39 |
0.67 |
0.74 |
1.48 |
2.72 |
||
|
WB4792 |
0.30 |
0.37 |
1.17 |
1.96 |
-- |
-- |
||
|
WB-Grainfield |
0.26 |
0.46 |
0.68 |
0.84 |
1.70 |
-- |
||
|
Whistler |
0.23 |
0.31 |
0.52 |
0.94 |
2.08 |
-- |
||
|
Zenda |
0.22 |
0.49 |
1.41 |
1.47 |
3.63 |
-- |
||
As of April 3, 2019, all varieties evaluated except for Joe had reached first hollow stem (Table 1). We advise producers to remove cattle from the pastures by this time to avoid potential yield losses.
The intention of this report is to provide producers an update on the progress of first hollow stem development in different wheat varieties. Producers should use this information as a guide, but it is extremely important to monitor FHS from an ungrazed portion of each individual wheat pasture to take the decision of removing cattle from wheat pastures.
Contact author:
Romulo Lollato, Wheat and Forages Specialist
lollato@ksu.edu
Co-authors:
Kavan Mark, Undergraduate hourly student
Marden Moraes, Visiting Assistant Scientist
Lohan Oliveira, Visiting Assistant Scientist
Nilo Fernandes Junior, Visiting Assistant Scientist
Caio Rapolla, Visiting Assistant Scientist
Valdir Fogaca Jr., Visiting Assistant Scientist
Tags: wheat first hollow stem